Feeling of a lump in the throat (Globus Pharyngeus)

What is Globus Pharyngeus?

The feeling of a lump in the throat is termed as Globus Pharyngeus (Globe= sphere in Latin, Pharyngeus=throat).  Some people describe this as a tightness in the throat which is more often felt  when they swallow saliva. This is usually not associated with sore throat. They don’t experience any difficulty in swallowing food, in fact some people find that the globus symptoms are better while eating and drinking. This globus sensation is usually felt in the front of the neck and it can move up and down or sideways.

How common is Globus Pharyngeus? (1,2,3)

It is a common condition that accounts for approximately 4% of new referrals to ear, nose and throat (ENT) clinics, and it is reported by up to 46% of apparently healthy individuals, with a peak incidence in middle age. This condition is equally prevalent in men and women, though the latter are more likely to seek health care for this symptom.

What are the associated symptoms of Globus Pharyngeus?

Feeling of lump in the throat

Throat clearing

Person experiences heart burn like symptoms

Post nasal drip - sensation of mucus trickling down the throat

What are the potential causes of Globus Pharyngeus?

Acid reflux (4,5,6) - There is enough evidence to suggest that many patients with globus have concomitant acid reflux and that there is a true association between acid reflux and globus.

The reflux of acid from the stomach causes irritation of throat which is felt as a lumpiness. Also the acid causes increase in tone at the upper oesophageal sphincter (UES) which results in an abnormal sensation in the throat (cricopharyngeal spasm).

Post nasal drip - (mucus runs from the nose into the back of the throat)

Stress, tiredness

Voice strain & Smoking triggers globus symptoms.

What are the investigations?

There has been no consensus regarding how best to diagnose and manage globus pharyngeus. A study of United Kingdom-based ENT specialists found that 14% performed no tests on globus patients but rather simply prescribed antacid medication if clinically indicated [7]. The remaining 86% investigated globus symptoms in a variety of ways, including rigid endoscopy (61%), barium swallow (56%), or a combination of these methods (17.5%).

Nasal endoscopy - This is usually done in the clinic by passing a flexible fibre-optic camera through your nose to view your nose, throat and voice box.

Barium Swallow - This is done in the radiology department. You are asked to drink a preparation that contains barium sulfate which is a compound that shows up on X-rays. The X-rays track its path through your upper digestive system and is used to help see abnormalities in the oesophagus and stomach.

Xray C-spine - This is a simple Xray of the neck to check for any arthritis of the neck spine (osteophytes). Osteophytes can sometimes cause globus symptoms

Rigid endoscopy - This involves examination of the throat, voice box and food pipe under a general anaesthetic (look for Microlaryngoscopy and Oesophagoscopy on this webpage

http://www.princemodayil.com/patient-information-leaflets.php)

What can be done to help?

Given the benign nature of the condition, patients with typical globus do not appear to need further investigation; rather, a 3-month treatment with high-dose anti reflux medication seems to be a reliable treatment option

Acid reflux medications - Omeprazole, Lansoprazole, ranitidine, Gaviscon advance

Life style modifications to reduce acid reflux-minimise caffeine, spirits, fruit juice and spicy food intake, stop smoking, avoid fizzy drinks, leave at least 3 hours between dinner and going to sleep etc

Speech and language therapy / Relaxation techniques

Drink plenty of fluids

Avoid throat clearing as this tends to exacerbate the globus symptoms. If you feel like clearing your throat drink some lukewarm water (This helps to relieve cricopharyngeal spasm).

Relaxing exercises like yoga can help.

You might find that the globus symptoms are sometimes associated with moments of stress. Look at the symptoms and see when they become worse and may be you could address it.

A consultation with speech and language therapist is often helpful especially for children with throat clearing habits.

The most important thing to remember is that this condition is just an abnormal sensation of a lump in the throat rather than an actual growth or lump.

Is there a chance that this could be cancer?

Globus symptom causes a lot of anxiety among patients who are smokers or heavy drinkers. However, patients with “alarm signs”, such as dysphagia (difficulty in swallowing), odynophagia (painful swallowing) throat pain, weight loss and hoarseness should undergo more extensive evaluation[1].

References

  1. Moloy PJ, Charter R. The globus symptom. Incidence, therapeutic response, and age and sex relationships. Arch Otolaryngol. 1982;108:740–744. [PubMed]

 

2.   Drossman DA, Li Z, Andruzzi E, Temple RD, Talley NJ, Thompson WG, Whitehead WE,  

      Janssens J, Funch-Jensen P, Corazziari E. U.S. householder survey of functional  

      gastrointestinal disorders. Prevalence, sociodemography, and health impact.

      Dig Dis Sci. 1993;38:1569–1580. [PubMed]

 

3.   Batch AJ. Globus pharyngeus (Part I) J Laryngol Otol. 1988;102:152–158. [PubMed]

 

4.   Smit CF, van Leeuwen JA, Mathus-Vliegen LM, Devriese PP, Semin A, Tan J,

      Schouwenburg PF. Gastropharyngeal and gastroesophageal reflux in globus and

      hoarseness. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2000;126:827–830. [PubMed]

 

5.   Sinn DH, Kim JH, Kim S, Son HJ, Kim JJ, Rhee JC, Rhee PL. Response rate and

      predictors of response in a short-term empirical trial of high-dose rabeprazole in patients       with globus. 

      Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2008;27:1275–1281. [PubMed]

 

6.   Tokashiki R, Yamaguchi H, Nakamura K, Suzuki M. Globus sensation caused by  

      gastroesophageal reflux disease. Auris Nasus Larynx. 2002;29:347–351. [PubMed]

 

7.   Webb CJ, Makura ZG, Fenton JE, Jackson SR, McCormick MS, Jones AS. Globus 

      pharyngeus: a postal questionnaire survey of UK ENT consultants.

     Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci.  2000;25:566–569.